Why It Matters
Federal broadband assistance is spread across multiple agencies, with different programs serving consumers, rural communities, Tribal entities, schools, health care providers, and telecommunications carriers, according to a Congressional Research Service (CRS) report updated Oct. 1. The range of programs means potential applicants and beneficiaries may need to navigate different eligibility requirements, funding mechanisms, and application processes depending on the type of assistance they seek.
The CRS report guides selected federal broadband assistance programs administered through the Federal Communications Commission, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and National Telecommunications and Information Administration.
Members and their staff may therefore need to navigate each program's eligibility criteria, funding structure, and application process for constituents seeking assistance.
The Big Picture
The FCC directs the Universal Service Administrative Company (USAC) to administer four programs: the High Cost Program, also known as the Connect America Fund, which subsidizes eligible telecommunications carriers serving unserved or underserved areas; the Lifeline Program, which provides subsidies of up to $9.25 per month, with an additional benefit of up to $25 per month on qualifying Tribal lands, toward phone or internet service for consumers who qualify based on income or participation in a qualifying program; the Rural Health Care Program, which supports broadband for eligible health care providers; and the Schools and Libraries Program, known as E-Rate, which provides discounts on connectivity services to and within schools and libraries.
USDA's Office of Rural Development administers the Telecommunications Infrastructure Loans and Loan Guarantees Program, which provides financing to eligible state and local governments, federally recognized Tribes, nonprofits, and for-profit businesses to construct, maintain, improve, and expand telephone and broadband service in qualifying rural areas. Eligible areas generally include rural areas and towns with populations of 5,000 or fewer, subject to additional program requirements.
NTIA's Tribal Broadband Connectivity Program provides grants to eligible Tribal and Native entities for infrastructure deployment, affordability programs, distance learning, telehealth, and broadband adoption, meaning the program supports both broadband infrastructure and efforts to increase access and use.
The report notes that its list is not comprehensive and that funding availability varies by program, so a federal program does not necessarily mean funding is currently available. Interested applicants are encouraged to contact the relevant federal agencies, state agencies or both for information on eligibility, application processes, award cycles and funding availability.
The Bottom Line
The report does not make policy recommendations, but the programs it describes illustrate the different mechanisms the federal government uses to support broadband access, including subsidies, grants, loans and loan guarantees. For members and constituents, determining which program applies depends on factors such as the applicant, geographic area, intended use, and funding availability.
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